Spongiotic, psoriasiform, and lichenoid dermatoses laura e. Acute dermatitis presents as red, swollen and blistered plaques. Lichen simplex chronicus lsc is a localized, wellcircumscribed area of lichenification thickened skin resulting from repeated rubbing, itching, and scratching of the skin. It is often called the mask of pregnancy because of this. Stephani kappel, the most common skin pigmentation disorders are photodamage brown spots, age spots, and freckles, melasma dark skin patches and post. Common skin disorders of the penis buechner 2002 bju. Chloasma is a type of hyperpigmentation that can affect pregnant women, showing as dark patches on the face. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Hyperpigmentation is the term used to describe areas on uneven pigmentation in skin. Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs as atrophic white patches on the glans penis and foreskin. Adolescent female presents with discoloration on her back. This results in a complete lack of pigmentation in skin, hair, and eyes.
Chronic dermatitis accompanied by rubbing and scratching results in darkened hyperpigmented, and thickened lichenified plaques. Lichenified skin may be darker or lighter than surrounding, unaffected skin. Physical examination revealed a pebbly, hyperpigmented plaque with minimal scale on the extensor surfaces of both arms and smooth, hyperpigmented patches on her upper chest, face and buttocks. Two weeks before her visit, the infant developed a vesicular eruption within the hyperpigmented streaks, which the mother photographed figure 1. The patches were initially pruritic when they came into contact with fabrics like wool but were otherwise asymptomatic. The initial uniform groups of papules and vesicles, with time and itching, become inflamed and may weep. Albinism is a rare inherited disorder caused by the absence of an enzyme that produces melanin. A 55yearold ghanaian woman presented with a 1year history of worsening hyperpigmentation of the skin on the arms, chest, face and buttocks.
It generally affects adults, and may result in one, or many itchy patches. The penile form is a common cause of phimosis in uncircumcised men. Hyperpigmentation dermatologic disorders merck manuals. Hyperpigmentation appears as darkened patches or spots on the skin that make skin look uneven. Physical examination revealed oval and lichenoid patches with a well. The thickened skin is also called lichenified, and the process is called lichenification. It involves easily reached sites, most commonly the legs, arms, neck, upper trunk, and anal region. Lichen simplex chronicus causes, symptoms and treatment. Melanin is carried by keratinocytes to the skin surface. Pityriasis rosea initial herald patch oval, dullpink maculespatches that run along the lines of cleavage, some of which have a fine peripheral collarette of scale pityriasis versicolor oval patches, can become confluent fawn colour in light skin, lighter colour in dark skin fine scale. Hypopigmented definition of hypopigmented by medical.
Study 101 dermatology conditions flashcards from sarah a. Most often, a rash affecting the lower legs is a type of dermatitis. A 70yearold man presents to an urgent care center after becoming concerned about brown hyperpigmented patches on his legs and arms. Two prerequisites must be filled for phytophotodermatitis to occur. Characteristics of the border of round or oval patches and plaques may provide valuable clues to the diagnosis.
He says that he thinks some of his teeth are turning gray, but it has been happening so slowly that he is not sure. Usually round or oval patches of alopecia with quick. Dermatology conditions at yale university studyblue. Scratching may become so habitual that you even do it in your sleep. Common pigmentation disorders american family physician.
Dermis moderate perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. The term lichenification is classed as a secondary skin lesion. Cafeaulait spots are often ovalshaped and may fade as the child grows. Round or oval patches of nonscarring hair loss alopecia totalis. Pityriasis alba is characterized by oval but poorly demarcated, slightly scaly. Classically, this condition is characterized by multiple oval patches with.
Friends here you can see a patient on which hyperpigmented patches are present all over body, which have increased in size in about a span of 1 week. The lesions heal with time, leaving a hyperpigmented patch. Picture of skin diseases and problems lichen simplex chronicus. This lichenification and hyperpigmentation is very slow to resolve even with. Hyperpigmentation hyperpigmentation in general eucerin. Small, fawncolored, oval patches with fine scale along the borders, following skin cleavage lines. The spots are known as age spots or sun spots and hyperpigmentation is also at the heart of skin conditions such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. It can occur on normal skin of individuals with atopic, seborrheic, contact dermatitis, or. Hyperpigmented definition of hyperpigmented by the free. Hyperpigmented skin patches journal of urgent care medicine.
It is a type of a skin disorder which is characterized by scratching and chronic itching. Tinea lesions also can appear as arcuate, circinate, and oval. Racgp multiple hyperpigmented patches on a darkskinned. Differential diagnosis of annular lesions american. Epidermis slight hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with focal spongiosis and scattered lymphocytes. Patches of erythema ab igne are characterized by erythematous andor hyperpigmented, reticular patterns. Patches of discolored skin have many possible causes, including birthmarks. It occurs primarily in pregnant women melasma gravidarum, or the mask of pregnancy and in women taking oral contraceptives. When you suspect tinea corporis infection, scrape the periphery of lesions to harvest surface scale for a koh preparation. Prevalence of hypopigmented macules in a healthy population. The latter is recognized by hyperpigmented, lichenified and hyperkeratotic wellformed lesions. Hyperpigmented, reticulated rash in a 15yearold female. Oval erythematous patches with delicate scaling near border. Lesions are lichenified, welldemarcated plaques with occasional scaling and occur on the scalp, neck, wrists, lower legs, and genitals.
Pigmentation disorders are often more troublesome in skin of colour. Pityriasis rosea initial herald patch oval, dullpink macules patches that run along the lines of cleavage, some of which have a fine peripheral collarette of scale pityriasis versicolor oval patches, can become confluent fawn colour in light skin, lighter colour in dark skin fine scale. Gru atopic dermatitis definition and epidemiology atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition defined by pruritus. Although most hyperpigmented lesions are benign and the diagnosis is straightforward, it is important to exclude melanoma and its precursors and to identify skin manifestations of systemic disease. Hyperpigmented, lichenified plaque with accentuated skin lined caused by repeated rubbing of the area. Clinically, the lesions present as sharply marginated, round or oval dusky erythematous and oedematous plaques 7, 19, 20. Spongiotic, psoriasiform, and lichenoid dermatoses. Usually just one drug is involved, although independent lesions from more than one drug have been described. Hypopigmented macules of photodamaged skin and their treatment with topical tretinoin.
The melanocytes of darkskinned people produce more melanin than those of people with light skin. Clearly demarcated round or oval patches of hair loss. Lichenified lesions exhibit exaggerated skin lines overlying thickened, wellcircumscribed, scaly plaques. These may be unilateral or bilateral and are usually located on the dorsal aspect of the wrists, hands, or fingers of neonates who are noted to suck excessively at the involved regions. Lichen simplex chronicus is characterized by pruritic, dry, scaling, hyperpigmented, lichenified plaques in irregular, oval, or angular shapes. A woman, aged 72 years, living in a spanish rural area, was referred to our dermatology department with a 10month history of persistent, asymptomatic, brown, dirtlike facial macular dermatosis figure 1a. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation.
Lichen simplex chronicus is an area of chronic, hyperpigmented, lichenified. Morphea produces reddish, thickened, ovalshaped patches of skin, usually on. Treatment options for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, and ephelides include the use. Influence of culture and pigment on skin conditions in children. Lichen simplex chronicus dermatologic disorders merck. Acral vitiligo manifests as sharply demarcated patches of loss of pigment starting on. Lichenoid tissue reaction or interface dermatitis embrace several clinical conditions, the prototype of which is lichen planus and its variants, drug induced lichenoid dermatitis, special forms of. It is characterized by roundto oval patches of grouped follicular papules with rough keratotic centers. Diagnostic checklist, medical tests, doctor questions, and.
Diagnosis is clinical, but potassium hydroxide wet mount and biopsy can help in the differential diagnosis. List of 11 disease causes of hypopigmented patches of skin, patient stories, diagnostic guides. Common superficial fungal infection of skin, causing hypo or hyperpigmented. This video educates about the hyperpigmentation of skin, what is reason behind the hyperpigmentation and how it can be relieved. It is common among women taking birth control pills and exposure to sunlight can make the patches become darker and more prominent. The oval shaped plaques of confluent scaling papules, distributed along the. Prurigo lesions are often lichenified or even keratotic papules and nodules. Itchy, dry, scaling, hyperpigmented, lichenified plaques occur in irregular, oval, or angular shapes on the legs, arms, neck, and upper trunk and sometimes the anogenital area. It is characterized by pruritic, dry, scaling, hyperpigmented, lichenified plaques in irregular, oval, or angular shapes. The terms dermatitis and eczema are often used interchangeably. A previously healthy eightmonthold female chinese infant presented with hyperpigmented swirly patches over the abdomen and legs for the past two months. They can be bilateral or unilateral, depending on the position of the heat source. Phytophotodermatitis is an ultravioletinduced contact dermatitis due primarily to plant phyto, fruit, or vegetablederived photosensitizing compounds such as furocoumarins psoralens.
Numerous round and oval, hypopigmented, slightly scaling patches on the upper back. Differential diagnosis of round or discoid lesions. The influence of culture and pigment on skin conditions in children. Nail lichen striatus may present as onycholysis or assuring of nails, present as an isolated finding, or more commonly in association with concurrent affected skin. Melasma consists of dark brown, sharply marginated, roughly symmetric patches of hyperpigmentation on the face usually on the forehead, temples, cheeks, upper lip, or nose. Recognition, classification, etiology, and clinicopathological overtones. Chronic atopic dermatitis ad can cause patches of thickened skin. Hypopigmented lichen striatus with minimal papules has been termed lichen striatus albus.
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